Friday, July 11, 2025

“What’s a Gas Insulated Substation?” Dominion Didn’t Know Either

 

July 10, 2025 - During the press conference held prior to an open house for the Vint Hill Gas Insulated Substation, Elena Schlossberg, Co-Executive Director of the Coalition to Protect Prince William, recounted attending a Dominion Energy stakeholder meeting last month where they presented the proposal for a Gas Insulated Substation at Vint Hill. This is part of their piecemeal approach as they scramble to figure out how they’re going to meet power demand driven by data centers.

“What’s a Gas Insulated Substation?” Elena asked.

Dominion’s response? “I don’t know, I’ll have to get back to you.”

Why would they present a proposal to stakeholders and not have a representative there who knows the answers to basic questions like that?

In a quick turnaround, we went from “I don’t know, we’ll get back to you,” to Dominion Energy hosting an open house to share information with the public... maybe we’ll get more answers then.

Friday, November 15, 2024

Being in the cloud is cloudy


The American Battlefield Trust is appealing a decision by the Circuit Court of Prince William County that dismissed its lawsuit against the county and tech companies planning to build the world’s largest data center complex next to Manassas National Battlefield. The lawsuit, filed by the Trust alongside citizen plaintiffs, challenges the proposal to cover 1,750 historic acres with sprawling data centers and infrastructure. You can read their full statement here.

We are catching glimmers of progress, however. Last month, the Planning Commission delayed the Stack proposals to allow representatives to meet with Joann Gaskins and work toward a respectful agreement on preserving the cemetery and honoring the historical significance of the land. You can read Joann Gaskins' op-ed here.

Additionally, the Bristow Battlefield data center proposal has been deferred for review. This project falls outside the county’s data center overlay district and, if approved, would contribute to an already massive cluster of eight Stack Infrastructure data centers along Hornbaker and Linton Hall Roads. Approval would lead to ten data centers tightly concentrated near the Regency Apartment Homes on Hornbaker Road, just north and west of the Target shopping center on Nokesville Road.

Monday, November 4, 2024

Bluebirds Steal A Breath (2024 Season Reflections by Liz Piazza)

As I carefully untwisted the metal screw I was not expecting any changes. I’d grown accustomed to the trail in my new duties at Merrimac Farm. So far in my bluebird experience I’d walked under the warm spring sun, jotted down nest building progress, and enjoyed counting speckled eggs. But I’m impatient. When would they hatch into living breathing beings? My thoughts drifted to my teenage and adult children. Were they any different? When would they peck open on their own into a wider world?


As I gently lowered the wooden brown wall my whole world changed. Judgment of loved ones darted away. My breath ceased. My heart skipped. What was I looking at?


Yellow triangles among black fuzz. Could I see into empty cavernous stomachs? Where are the eggs? What is this? This tiny world flooded my being. Then a gentle tenderness flooded my being. They were here! Oh how I wanted to hold and feed them. But I knew better, thanks to the training that I’d received a few weeks ago.


Then it dawned on me that I was staring. I came to my senses and returned the door to its original position. Why was it taking so long? Had time stopped? Were my hands shaking? Had I “done it right?” Oh my goodness ~ could new life be waiting for me?!


And then I realized that I had not “done it right.” In my awe I’d completely forgotten any world beyond the one in the box. I’d forgotten how to count. I’d forgotten how to breathe. The hatchlings had whisked me away from earthly thoughts into the present moment. What wonder! What joy! Bliss. Peace.


I collected my thoughts, took a deep breath, and tried to focus.  I opened the door once more to peek inside. They were still there! It seemed impossible that so much life teemed inside the small warm box. This time I silently counted 4 yellow beaks (not triangles after all) and noted damp dark feathers. I dared not breathe. Maybe they would blow away? I snapped a photo and meticulously closed the door.


I emailed our team as soon as I returned to my car. Surely they would share in this world changing event. And how! Over the next two days email replies flew back to me, affirming the delightful discovery.


As I look back I’m a bit embarrassed about how much I gushed to my team over the hatchlings. Have I grown familiar to the thrill, like watching the sun set or feeling the breeze on my face? One thing is for sure ~ I’ll definitely return to the trail next year.  



Editor’s Note:


Thank you to first time monitor, Liz Piazza, for writing this wonderful glimpse into the world of bluebird monitoring. If you’d like to get involved next year, please fill out this volunteer form detailing your interest. Find last year's blog post here.


At Merrimac Farm volunteers found 34 bluebird eggs, of which 32 fledged. That's a survival rate of 94%!

Chinn Park Trail saw 63 bluebird eggs leading to 37 fledged and a survival rate of 59%. The Chinn Trail boxes also housed 32 tree swallow eggs, of which 28 fledged with a survival rate of 88%.


Many thanks to Rita Romano and Charles Badal, the outstanding leaders of this year’s crew of volunteers. A hearty thank you to the rest of our spectacular volunteers; Ines Nedelcovic, Val and Billy Ritter, Susan Hunt, Steve Clendenin, Kitty Monroe, Alaura and Grace Thapa, Amy Wilson, Jennifer Moyer, Brett Beckner, Kathleen and Steve Hurst, and Janet Wheatcraft. I would also like to thank Kevin Parker and Valerie Kenyon Gaffney for their support this season.






Wednesday, September 25, 2024

Smith Crossing: Comments to the Planning Commission

 

Dear Chair McPhail and Planning Commissioners,

I am writing to express my concerns regarding the Smith Crossing proposal (REZ2024-00005), which seeks to rezone approximately 235 acres from A-1 Agricultural to PMR Planned Mixed Residential. This proposal envisions a 375-unit residential community, with 117.39 acres remaining as open space, resulting in a density of 1.64 dwelling units per acre. This project, as the first to utilize the newly introduced Conservation Residential land use designation from our updated comprehensive plan, This project, as the first to utilize the newly introduced Conservation Residential land use designation from our updated comprehensive plan, is focused on increased density and not conservation as the classification might suggest.

While the initiative may seem promising, several critical issues need to be addressed:

  1. Lack of Zoning Ordinance: As Smith Crossing is the inaugural project under the Conservation Residential designation, there is a noticeable absence of clear guidelines in our zoning ordinance. Rather than this definition being led by staff, it appears that this proposal will be setting the precedent of Conservation Redisdential moving forward.

  2. Insufficient Public Input: This is the first public hearing dedicated to the Smith Crossing proposal. Prior to this, there have been no community meetings for residents to provide feedback on this project. The absence of a public engagement process undermines the principles of a sound planning and decision-making process

  3. Developer-Driven Process: The development appears to be predominantly driven by the developer's interests rather than a balanced approach that involves input residents. See Lack of Zoning Ordinance.

  4. Environmental and Access Concerns: The proposed "conservation" areas primarily consist of Resource Protection Areas (RPA), which are not suitable for development. Furthermore, these areas will be managed by the Homeowners Association (HOA) rather than being accessible to the public, limiting their ecological and recreational benefits.

  5. Proximity to the PW Digital Gateway: The planned residential area’s proximity to what is anticipated to be the largest data center complex in the world may result in adverse impacts on the quality of life for future residents. This is an incompatible land use and requires additional mitigations and buffers.

  6. Isolation of Open Space: The proposed open space is not contiguous with other green areas, reducing its ecological value and potential recreational use. Effective conservation typically requires connected green spaces to support wildlife and provide meaningful public access.

As you are well aware, our county is navigating a period of significant transition with the recent adoption of the Comprehensive Plan update that has significantly altered our land use policies. In facing the largest land use shift that this county has seen in 30 years, Fairfax Water recommended completing a water study before implementing such sweeping changes—a recommendation that remains unfulfilled.  Additionally, the newly adopted Community Energy and Sustainability Master Plan has yet to be fully integrated into our Comprehensive Plan and zoning ordinance, further complicating the development landscape.

This land is within the Agricultural and Arts Overlay District (AAOD), making it a prime area to fund and implement the county’s Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) program to support rural economic growth and make this land more congruent with the surrounding area by reducing density and creating meaningful public open spaces that benefit both PWC residents, visitors to Manassas National Battlefield Park, and local wildlife. 

Thank you for considering these concerns. In its current state, the Smith Crossing proposal simply is not ready to move forward. 

Sincerely,

Ashley Studholme
Executive Director
Prince William Conservation Alliance


Wednesday, August 28, 2024

N. Va. Coalition to Hold News Conference After Hearing on Lawsuit Against Prince Wm. Co. and The Farm Brewery at Broad Run (International Investments) to Protect African-American, Native American Cemetery

MEDIA ADVISORY
N. Va. Coalition to Hold News Conference After Hearing on Lawsuit Against Prince Wm. Co. and The Farm Brewery at Broad Run (International Investments) to Protect African-American, Native American Cemetery
(THOROUGHFARE, VA, 8/26/24) – On Thursday, Aug. 29, the Coalition to Save Historic Thoroughfare, an organization founded to challenge the alleged ongoing desecration of African-American and Native American cemeteries in Thoroughfare, Va., will hold a news conference following a hearing in Prince William County Circuit Court to decide whether a lawsuit against the county and The Farm Brewery at Broad Run can move forward.
[NOTE: This is part of a nationwide effort by local communities seeking to protect historic Black and Native American cemeteries.]
WHEN: August 29, 2024, immediately after the at 1 p.m. court hearing
WHERE: Prince William Circuit Court, 31st Judicial Circuit of Virginia, 9311 Lee Avenue, Third Floor, Manassas, VA 20110
WHO: John Chapman “Chap” Petersen, attorney for the coalition and Frank Washington
CONTACT: Coalition to Save Historic Thoroughfare Spokesperson Frank Washington, 702-812-4174, savehistoricthoroughfare@gmail.com, John Chapman “Chap” Petersen, Esq., (571) 459-2510, jcp@petersenfirm.com
In a statement, Coalition to Save Historic Thoroughfare Founder and Spokesman Frank Washington said:

Tuesday, June 25, 2024

Prince William Conservation Alliance Hosts “People Who Make a Difference” Awards Ceremony

Honoring Community Champions Giuseppe’s Ristorante Italiano, Judy Gallagher, Joyce Hudson, and Julie Flanagan

June 24, 2024 – Prince William County, VA: The Prince William Conservation Alliance held its annual “People Who Make a Difference” Awards on Saturday, June 22. This year’s event celebrated four outstanding community members whose dedication and actions have significantly contributed to the preservation and enhancement of our local environment. The awards honor individuals who exemplify one of our core tenets: People who care, make a difference.

Friday, May 10, 2024

Comments on Mid-county Industrial Park - Planning Commission


On behalf of the Prince William Conservation Alliance,
I am writing to express my concerns regarding the Mid-County Industrial Park and the proposed rezoning of approximately 40.91 acres from A-1 Agricultural to M-2 Light Industrial, as well as the associated amendments to the proffers. This proposal is next to neighborhoods and across the street from Prince William Forest Park. While I understand the need for development and economic growth, I believe we can do so without sacrificing our environmental standards and the well-being of our communities in the process.

Protecting the Occoquan Reservoir - ORPA

The Occoquan Reservoir watershed, primarily (40%) within Prince William County, is crucial for the water quality of our drinking water. Land use decisions in the county significantly influence the health of the watershed and thus the reservoir.

While Fairfax County implemented protective measures, such as downzoning, to protect the reservoir, Prince William County adopted the Rural Crescent in 1998 to limit sewer access and curb development pressure. However, recent changes in the Comprehensive Plan have blurred the line between rural and development areas.

Wednesday, April 3, 2024

Call for data center guidelines

Three years ago, we started voicing concerns about a proposed data center development within the legislative boundary of Prince William Forest Park- Potomac Technology Park. We acknowledged that data centers had a role to play in modern society - many of our programs from the history of the Barnes House to protecting Quantico Creek are available online for anyone to see thanks to data centers that have already been built. But we also recognized that they needed to be properly sited with adequate buffers and set-backs. These siting concerns drove our opposition to projects like the Potomac Tech Park and Prince William Digital Gateway.

Where data centers are located is still important. But with the rapid increase in projects we are seeing, and this industry’s insatiable demand for power, water and land, we are growing more and more concerned about the cumulative impacts of this industry. Impacts on our electric grid, energy bills, water resources, and climate change goals are all of concern. These impacts are felt not only here in Prince William County, but across the state and the globe.

Tuesday, December 19, 2023

PWDG falls short of the CPA and Zoning Ordinance


 December 11, 2023

Dear Chair Wheeler and Members of the Prince William County Board of Supervisors:

We are writing in advance of your public hearing tomorrow on the three proposed “Digital Gateway” rezonings.  At the outset, we wish to emphasize that we strongly oppose all three proposals.  Data centers are a fundamental part of the technology infrastructure that supports the modern economy, and they have a place in Prince William County and other localities in Virginia.  However, given the enormous impacts they can inflict on the surrounding environment and nearby communities, it is essential that they be appropriately sited and scaled.  With its broad array of invaluable historic, cultural, and environmental resources, the landscape immediately west and northwest of Manassas National Battlefield Park is simply an unsuitable location for a data center and technology complex, especially of this massive scale.   

We acknowledge that some of you may disagree, as evidenced by the Board’s adoption of the PW Digital Gateway Comprehensive Plan Amendment (“Digital Gateway CPA”) late last year.  However, we trust that you will fulfill your collective duty to ensure that any rezoning applications proposed in this area: (1) comply with all pertinent requirements of the Virginia Code and Prince William County Zoning Ordinance; and (2) are reasonably consistent with the protections and guidelines in the Digital Gateway CPA.  The three proposals coming before you tomorrow meet neither of those basic marks.

Wednesday, December 13, 2023

Comments to the Board on PWDG

The following were our comments delivered to the Board of County Supervisors on December 12 in opposition to 3 rezoning applications collectively referred to as the Prince William Digital Gateway.

*** 

I understand that many of you have already formed your opinions on the rezonings we are discussing today. The allure of hundreds of millions of dollars in tax revenue is undeniable. I also acknowledge that this has been a long day, and it's a challenge to ask anyone to remain engaged for such an extended period. Yet, I implore you to pause for a moment. This is not a process to be endured simply to cast a vote at the end. There is wisdom in this process, and there is wisdom in the voices standing up for sustainability and our environment. 

Let's not forget that even with the approval of the Comprehensive Plan Amendment, these proposals are not inevitable.  Fairfax County, for example, took a decisive step by downzoning, - not just replanning, but downzoning 41,000 acres in order the protect the Occoquan reservoir - a decision was upheld by the courts. Here in Prince William County, our primary strategy to protect the drinking water that the eastern end relies on - me included - has been to maintain the rural area that reduces development pressures on the reservoir. 

Sunday, December 10, 2023

A Call for Conscientious Consideration: Prince William Digital Gateway Threatens Land, Water, Heritage

MEDIA ALERT: FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 
December 8, 2023

 

A Call for Conscientious Consideration: Prince William Digital Gateway Threatens Land, Water, Heritage 

 

Woodbridge, Virginia – The United Tribes of the Shenandoah, alongside a diversity of community faith leaders, will host a peaceful prayer ceremony on Tuesday, December 12, at 9 AM at the Sean T. Connaughton Plaza located between the James J. McCoart Building and Development Services Building at the county government complex in Woodbridge, VA.  The prayer vigil will precede the scheduled public hearing to consider the Prince William Digital Gateway.

Monday, October 2, 2023

Monitoring the Bluebird Trail at Chinn (2023 season)

by: Rita Romano 

If you enjoy watching nature up close and personal, you would love to be a part of the team that monitors the Bluebird boxes that Prince William Alliance has installed on trails by the Chinn Aquatic & Fitness Center. We start monitoring 14 boxes in early Spring that are intended for Bluebirds, however, we get many Tree Swallows in our boxes as well, and sometimes a Wren. We have a team of 6 people, and we take turns peeking into the boxes twice a week until about mid-August. We have a friendly contest with another team that monitors 12 Bluebird boxes at Merrimac Farm to see which team discovers the first egg!

You never know what you are going to find when you peek in the boxes! Is the box empty, or is there a beginning of a nest? If there is a nest, what kind is it? Each species has special characteristics. My favorite is the Tree Swallow nest because they use feathers from other species to curl over the nest opening.

Friday, September 8, 2023

Sustainability Plan - A roadmap to where?

 

Creating a Sustainability Office and Commission acknowledged the increasing environmental challenges we are facing in Prince William County. Their role in identifying a path forward could support the quality of life for all PW residents, now and in the future.

Touted as a roadmap for the county to meet Climate Mitigation and Resiliency goals, the draft Community Energy and Sustainability Master Plan (CESMP) document unfortunately falls short. While streamlining rooftop solar in residential areas and reforestation programs (read our comments in support here) are important, it is not sufficient. Any headway we make will be negated if we do not address Data Center proliferation and land use planning that promotes sprawl rather than smart growth. 

Tuesday, May 23, 2023

Rooting for PWC - In support of the Reforestation Grant Program

 

I’m here today to express support for the Public Works Reforestation Grant Program to be included in the upcoming budget. As we are all aware, we are facing several environmental challenges, such as climate change, maintaining water quality, and habitat loss leaving many species vulnerable. However, reforestation can help us address all these issues. 


Forests provide critical environmental services to all residents here in Prince William County. They absorb carbon dioxide, a key greenhouse gas in the atmosphere contributing to climate change. They clean the air by intercepting particulate matter and absorbing other gaseous pollutants. Additionally, trees help prevent soil erosion and promote water quality. They also provide habitats for various wildlife species, making them an integral part of our ecosystem.


Unfortunately, over the years, we have been losing forests at an alarming rate due to human activities such as deforestation and urbanization. This has had a significant impact on the environment globally and locally. 


While I think it’s also important to protect the forests that we still have, this program would create opportunities to bring back forests that have been lost. Additionally, it would expand current reforestation efforts and provide an opportunity for private, residential, commercial, industrial, and HOA land to qualify that are currently left out of existing programs.

You might think that it’s not necessary to fund such initiatives. You might think, why don’t we just stop mowing and allow natural processes to return lawn to forest? That may have been true a long time ago. Today, however, the prevalence of invasive plant species that thrive in these early successional circumstances means it’s necessary to be active stewards of reforestation efforts until a native ecosystem has a chance to be established. 


This program would provide a critical starting point for native forests to grow and flourish, and would be crucial to a broader strategy to address a wide range of environmental and public health concerns in a cost-effective way. By planting more trees, we can support efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, improve air quality, protect water quality in our waterways and reservoirs, and create habitat for wildlife. 


Monday, January 23, 2023

Nokesville results: 123rd annual Christmas Bird Count

Lows of 25 °F surely made this year's 123rd annual Christmas Birrrrd Count a cold one. It didn't deter our 24 birders that spent the morning participating in the longest-running citizen science project. Nine teams surveyed the Nokesville circle and identified 80 species, just topping last year's number of 79. >>see results here

Highlights of the December 27th, Nokesville Christmas Bird Count include a Common Loon seen in Quantico and 32 Redheads, which is a count high. Corvids were quite conspicuous with both American Crow and Fish Crow reaching a high for our circle at 491 and 934 respectively. We also saw a few lows for our count including Black Vulture, Red-winged Blackbird, and White-crowned Sparrow. 

Tuesday, January 10, 2023

Pathway to 2040: Comprehensive Plan

By: Court Squires

The Pathway to 2040: Comprehensive Plan passed, 5-2, undeterred by constituent concerns. Concerned voices rose up against the lengthy 20-year blueprint for future residential and commercial development. However, the plan was rushed through in December, and PW residents are left wondering what will befall them in the next 20 years.

Perhaps the most concerning part of the process was that despite constituent weigh-in, the Board of County Supervisors (BOCS) bulldozed over worries and pushed through a development-heavy comprehensive plan. Various inquiries were not thoroughly answered before hastily approving the plan, such as ‘How will higher density truly impact our way of life and environment?,’ ‘Who will pay for all additional infrastructure needed to sustain proposed commercial and residential developments?,’ and ‘When will we, if ever, financially benefit from the myriad development plans proposed for the next 20 years?’

Friday, December 9, 2022

More Data Centers next to National Parks: Our comments on Potomac Technology Park



By Ashley Studholme The following are our comments to the Board of County Supervisors
regarding the REZ2022-00015 and SUP2022-00016 for Potomac Technology Park.

We strongly recommend the denial of this rezoning and accompanying special use permit. If approval is considered, substantial modifications are needed to ensure adequate protection of the natural resources iconic to the area, namely Prince William Forest Park (PWFP) and Quantico Creek. 

Monday, October 24, 2022

Building a better future: Oct 24 Newsletter

PWCA logo
Eastern Bluebird

Community Report, Oct 24 2022; read online here. You make our work possible! Donate today

Remembering the Past and Building the Future

Saturday, October 29th, 4-6 p.m.

Brawner Farm Parking Lot | Register here

Join us on October 29 from 3-5 pm at Brawner Farm to hear how our journey towards a more perfect union starts in Pageland.

Speakers include Jim Bailey, Chief of Interpretation at Manassas National Battlefield Park, Nathan Grayson, a descendant of the Settlement community, and Frank Washington, spokesperson for Coalition to Save Historic Thoroughfare. Together we begin our journey with the Civil War, then on to The Settlement, Thoroughfare, and Pageland, weaving together the complicated tapestry that is the fabric of America and highlighting current threats that aim to unravel it.

>>Read more here

N. Va. Coalition Files Suit Against Prince William County and Developer Over Desecration of Historic Virginia African-American and Native American Cemetery

(THOROUGHFARE, VA, 10/10/22) – The Coalition to Save Historic Thoroughfare has filed a lawsuit against International Investments, LLC (IIL), Virginia’s Prince William County, the Prince William County Board of Supervisors and County Executive Elijah Johnson “for their deliberate and egregious actions in the failure to protect and eventual desecration of a private, historically recognized, protected, and culturally significant cemetery belonging to the families of freed slaves and indigenous Native Americans – the Scott Cemetery.” NOTE: International Investments, LLC is also known as “The Farm Brewery at Broad Run.” 

>>Read full press release

Watch our program on Thoroughfare

Dove's Landing - conservation easement update


On October 11th, the Board of County Supervisors unanimously approved Dove's Landing Master Plan. They also unanimously supported a resolution directing staff to move forward with a conservation easement to permanently protect this great natural area that covers one mile of Occoquan River shoreline. >>view the resolution here


While this is an important step in the right direction, we are disappointed the conservation easement was not part of the Resolution approving the Master Plan, and required separate action.

Supervisor Yesli Vega asked Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Tourism (DPRT) Director Seth Hendler-Voss why this was the case, to which he replied that it was a policy decision he made citing that the Master Plan was as a framework, and a conservation easement could be added after plan approval. 

Once the conservation deed is drafted, it will return to the Board for a final vote.

Protecting Dove's Landing has been one of our priorities for over 10 years. Now we have an opportunity to ensure it remains a high-quality natural resource for future generations.



>>Read more here

Virginia Outdoor Podcast

with host Jessica Bowser


This local podcast is back with season 3! Virginia is a mecca for outdoor travel and adventure. Virginia Outdoor Adventures Podcast brings listeners stories and recommendations from leaders and influencers across the Virginia outdoor community. Get the information and the inspiration to plan your own adventure, right here in Virginia. 

Check out www.virginiaoutdooradventures.com to learn more and listen to episodes.

In the news:

County moves to expand, improve Doves Landing Park to be placed in a conservation easement

Cher Muzyk, Prince William Times, Oct 20, 2022

The supervisors also agreed to pursue a conservation easement to protect the park, a move urged by the Prince William Conservation Alliance as well as several residents.

Prince William County supervisors approve conceptual master plan for Doves Landing

Nolan Stout, InSide NoVA, Oct 17, 2022

Many speakers also urged the board to place a conservation easement on the land, which would prohibit any future development. The board supported the easement.


Final PW Digital Gateway Hearing Set for Nov. 1

Nolan Stout, InsideNoVA, Oct 20, 2022


[The PW Digital Gateway] ...has quickly become the most controversial and contentious local land-use proposal in decades.

Prince William County Historical Commission urges denial of ‘digital gateway’ plan

Jill Palermo, Prince William Times, Oct 12, 2022


These areas include land within the Manassas Battlefield Historic District as well as the birthplace and gravesite of Jennie Dean, a local icon who was born into slavery and later founded the Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth, Northern Virginia’s first high school for African American students.


12 Conservation Groups Request Prince William Supervisors Send Digital Gateway Plan Back to Planning Commission

Stacy Shaw, Bristow Beat, Oct 19, 2022

Conservation groups believe the new proposal is more detrimental to the Manassas Battlefield and environment as it offers less open land, parkland, tree buffers, and historical preservation areas.

FacebookInstagramYouTube

“What’s a Gas Insulated Substation?” Dominion Didn’t Know Either

  July 10, 2025 - During the press conference held prior to an open house for the Vint Hill Gas Insulated Substation, Elena Schlossberg, Co-...